Computer Terminology

21 Days: Wk1 . Wk1Ref . Applts . Swing . Grph . D13-14 . D15-21 . D22-28
cc12: Miscl . SQL . EJB . Vocab . (NotesHelp) . J2EE . Web
misl: 21 Days(src) . Dictionary(foldoc) . Unicode . Tables . Print . html
misl: F.Allimant . Swing (J.H.University)

Contents for: COMPUTER TERMS.
XLNT Software Solutions
General Computer Terminology
SQL Computer Terminology
Web Computer Terminology
Java Computer Terminology
More Information

General Computer Terminology

ActiveX - ActiveX
API - Application Program Interface - is defined at source code level and provides a level of abstraction between
the application and the kernel (operating system or other privileged utilities) to ensure the portability of the code.
(2) "A set of routines, protocols, and tools used when building software applications.
A good API makes it easier to develop a program by providing all the building blocks and enabling
a programmer to put the blocks together. Most operating environments, such as MS-Windows, provide
an API so that programmers can write applications consistent with the operating environment. Although
API are designed for programmers, they are ultimately good for users because they guarantee that all
programs using a common API will have similar interfaces."
B2B - Business to Business - Electronic commerce between businesses, as opposed to between a consumer and a business (B2C).
While derived from "business to business", "B2B" is narrower in meaning.
CRM - Customer Relationship Management
CTM - Component Transaction Monitors - sophisticated distributed object application server.
- Other similar terms: Component Transaction Server, Object Transaction Monitor (OTM), Distributed
Component Server, COMware, etc.
DBMS - Database Management System - Software used to manage a database.
DDE - Dynamic Data Exchange - A form of interprocess communication (IPC) implemented in the Microsoft Windows
family of operating systems. Two or more programs that support dynamic data exchange (DDE) can exchange
information and commands. See also IPC. (aol instant messenger apparently uses this)
deploy - to spread out, utilize, or arrange especially strategically. (Merriam-Webster)
descriptor
Distributed Object Technologies - "such as Java RMI, CORBA, and Microsoft's DCOM: allow objects running
on one machine to be used by client aps on different computers." (EJB.pg.2)
ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning - (XLN is an ERP application)
Any software system, to support and automate business processes, of medium and large businesses.
This may include...
1. Manufacturing
2. Distribution
3. Personnel
4. Project management
5. Payroll
6. Financials
Imperative Language - specifies explicit manipulation of the state of the computer system, not to be confused with a procedural language, which specifies an explicit sequence of steps to perform.
LAN - Local Area Network
MTS - Message Transport System, or Microsoft Transaction Server
Mapquest related terms:
1. HTTP - Hypertext Transfer Protocol
2. TCL/TK - TCL - Tool Command Language - An interpreted language to send commands to interactive programs.
  (Tk is its associated GUI toolkit)
3. ADP - Adaptive Digital Pulse Code Modulation - Communications, compression technique.
4. ASP - Active Server Pages - Scripting environment for Microsoft Internet Information Server. You can combine
  HTML, scripts and reusable ActiveX server components to create dynamic web pages.
5. JSP - JavaServer Pages - Cross-platform alternative to Microsoft's Active Server Pages, which runs only in IIS
  on Windows NT.
6. PHP - Hypertext Preprocessor - World-Wide Web, programming, server-side, cross-platform, HTML-embedded
  script language to create dynamic web pages. (It is Open Source) PHP Home
N-Tier (three-tier) - A client-server architecture built with independent modules, most often on separate platforms.
The modules are...
1. User interface
2. Functional process logic ("business rules")
3. Data storage and access
OLE - Object Linking and Embedding
Protocols (for communication)
1. HTTP - Hypertext Transfer Protocol
2. IIOP - Internet Inter-ORB Protocol
3. RMI - Remote Method Invocation
4. SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
RAD - Rapid Application Development - Build aps from component software. JavaBeans for example. (J21.Day20.pg.538)
RDBMS - Relational Data-Base Management System. Oracle is an example. It does three basic things:
1. IN: Put data into it.
2. KEEP: Hold the data.
3. OUT: View and/or work with the data.
- Codd's Rules
RDB - Oracle Rdb - A set of relational database products originally known as Rdb from Digital Equipment Corporation,
but purchased by Oracle Corporation in 1994. The current (October 1996) versions are Oracle Rdb V7.0 for OpenVMS VAX,
Oracle Rdb V7.0 for OpenVMS Alpha, and Oracle Rdb V7.0 for Digital UNIX.
Server
Scalability - 'The ability to grow with your needs. A scalable software package means that you only buy the parts you need, and that it has the ability to grow by adding on as you do.' (www.geek.com/glossary)
Scalable - 'Applications or systems that are able to scale to large amounts of users. For example, a database that completely locks out every other user when someone is using it is NOT scalable. The computer system that runs ATM and bank transactions must be highly scalable. It is often misspelled as "Scaleable," and is used in many product names.' (www.geek.com/glossary)
SDK - Software Developers Kit (or "Software Development Kit"). Software provided by a software vendor to allow their
products to be used with those of other software vendors.
VO - The term Value Object is an informal term, with no widely accepted definition. (1) Here, Value Objects
(VOs) refer to data-centric classes which encapsulate closely related items. (2) A VO (value object) is not a
BusinessObject/ReferenceObject (something you find in the world), rather a ValueObject is a measure or
description of something.
XML - eXtendible Markup Language

SQL Computer Terminology

Aggregation of data
In programming, asynchronous events are those occurring independently of the main program flow. Asynchronous actions are actions executed in a non-blocking scheme, allowing the main program flow to continue processing.
In communications, latency is the time it takes for a packet to cross a network connection, from sender to receiver.
2. The period of time that a frame is held by a network device before it is forwarded.
- Two of the most important parameters of a communications channel are its latency, which should be low, and its bandwidth, which should be high. Latency is particularly important for a synchronous protocol where each packet must be acknowledged before the next can be transmitted.
SQL - An industry-standard language for creating, updating and, querying relational database management systems.

Web Computer Terminology (also see Web125 Course Notes)

Ajax - a technology combination of JavaScript in conjunction with XML.
ASP - Active Server Pages (Click here!) or application service provider or Attached Support Processor
HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
JavaScript is originated by Netscape. JScript is Microsoft's ver version of JavaScript.

Java Computer Terminology

AWT - Abstract Window Toolkit - is part of the Java Foundation Classes (JFC)
EJB - (EJB_book) - Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) technology is the server-side component architecture for the Java 2 Platform,
Enterprise Edition (J2EE) platform. EJB technology enables rapid and simplified development of distributed,
transactional, secure and portable applications based on Java technology.
J2EE - Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition.
- Sun's Java platform for multi-tier server-oriented enterprise applications.
- The primary technologies in the J2EE platform are:
- Java API for XML-Based RPC (JAX-RPC) (Java API for XML) (Remote Procedure Call),
- JavaServer Pages,
- Java Servlets,
- Enterprise JavaBeans components (EJB),
- J2EE Connector Architecture,
- J2EE Management Model,
- J2EE Deployment API,
- Java Management Extensions (JMX),
- J2EE Authorization Contract for Containers,
- Java API for XML Registries (JAXR),
- Java Message Service (JMS),
- Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI),
- Java Transaction API (JTA),
- CORBA,
- and JDBC data access API.
J2SE - Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition
Sun's Java programming platform aimed at network-oriented enterprise applications.
J2SE comprises the Java 2 Software Development Kit (SDK) and the Java 2 Run-Time Environment.
Free download from Sun Micro: Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition (J2SE): Choose JRE or SDK (...foldoc lookup).
J2EE is based on Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB).
- SDK - Software Developers Kit - (SDK, or "Software Development Kit") (see SDK).
- JRE - Java Runtime Environment - (JRE) The part of the Java Development Kit required to run Java
  programs. The JRE consists of the Java Virtual Machine, the Java platform core classes and supporting
  files. It does not include the compiler, debugger or other tools present in the JDK. The JRE is the
  smallest set of executables and files that constitute the standard Java platform. (1998-11-30)
J2ME - Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition
Sun's Java platform for consumer devices.
J2ME defines Configurations and Profiles for different classes of small memory device, from smart cards to pagers
to set-top boxes. It can run on various Java virtual machines including KVM.
Related products include PersonalJava and EmbeddedJava.
JAF - JavaBeans Activation Framework. Desktop Java, JavaBeans
JAXM - Java API for XML Messaging - (1 of 3) help form the core of XML support in the Java 2 platform. Downloadable free.
JAXP - Java API for XML Parsing - (2 of 3).
JAXB - Java API for XML Data Binding - (3 of 3).
JDBC - Java Database Connectivity - (1:EJB_book.pg.xi) "JDBC provides a vendor independant Java interface for
accessing SQL relational databases". (2) is the application programming interface (API) that provides universal
data access.
JRE - Java Run-Time Environment - (see J2EE)
JMS - Java Message Service - An API for accessing enterprise messaging systems from Java programs.
JRMP (Java Remote Method Protocol) - Java RMI's native protocol.
JSP - JavaServer Pages - A freely available specification for extending the Java Servlet API to generate dynamic
web pages on a web server. --- JSP assists developers in creating HTML or XML pages that combine static (fixed)
page templates with dynamic content. Separating the user interface from content generation allows page designers
to change the page layout without having to rewrite program code. JSP was designed to be simpler than pure
servlets or CGI scripting. --- JSP uses XML-like tags and scripts written in Java to generate the page content.
HTML or XML formatting tags are passed back to the client. Application logic can live on the server, e.g. in
JavaBeans. --- JSP is a cross-platform alternative to Microsoft's Active Server Pages, which only runs in IIS on
Windows NT. --- Applications written to the JSP specification can be run on compliant web servers, and web
servers such as Apache, Netscape Enterprise Server, and Microsoft IIS that have had Java support added. JSP should
soon be available on Unix, AS/400, and mainframe platforms.
RMI - Remote Method Invocation - RMI creates Java aps the can talk with other Java aps over a network. (J21.pg.485)
RPC - (Remote Procedure Calls)

More Information

FOLDOC - Free On-Line Dictionary of Computing
Wikipedia - the free encyclopedia that anyone can edit.
www.geek.com/glossary
An E-Commerce and Marketing Dictionary and (Other useful resources)

XLNT Software Solutions

TREX - The Re-Engineering of Xln
- DTK - Developer Toolkit - Generates TBOs.
- UBB - TReX Universal Business Browser - Web Browser developed to run TREX aps.
  (eliminates need for applets, that would be needed with standard browsers)
- VTK - Visual Toolkit - Graphical user interface to design forms.
TBO - TReX Business Objects - EJB entity beans used to access databases.
XDBK - (?): I believe it refers to the add/edit command line functions into XLN. Was designed for the dashboards
so they can auto launch an edit or add into base XLN. For example, they can send parameters into a module, find
the record to edit, and then launch module into edit mode.
XWEB - TReX e-Business Portal

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